Contrology: mind-body exercise
Pilates is a type of mind-body exercise developed in the early 20th century by German physical trainer Joseph Pilates. Each exercise flows from the “five essentials”: breath, cervical alignment, rib and scapular stabilization, pelvic mobility, and utilization of the transversus abdominis. Pilates strength body as use multiple apparatus including reformer/Cadillac, springboard, chair, mat.
Reformer/Cadilac

Pilates is a type of mind-body exercise developed in the early 20th century by German physical trainer Joseph Pilates, after whom it was named. Pilates called his method “Contrology“.[3] Pilates uses a combination of around 50 repetitive exercises to spur muscle exertion. Each exercise flows from the “five essentials”: breath, cervical alignment, rib and scapular stabilization, pelvic mobility, and utilization of the transversus abdominis. Each exercise is typically repeated three to five times.[4] As of 2023, over 12 million people practice Pilates.[5]
Pilates developed in the aftermath of the late nineteenth century physical culture of exercising to alleviate ill health. There is, however, only limited evidence to support the use of Pilates to alleviate problems such as lower back pain.[6] While studies have found that regular sessions improve balance, and can help muscle conditioning in healthy adults (compared to doing no exercise), it has not been shown to be an effective treatment for any medical condition.[7][8]
History